首页 - 百闻 > 英国种植茶叶最早 英国茶叶来源

英国种植茶叶最早 英国茶叶来源

发布于:2023-12-07 作者:费晓霜 阅读:151

英国种植茶叶最早的地区之一,英国人喜欢喝茶,也喜欢种茶。在英国,有一种特殊的茶叶叫做红茶,这类茶叶的制作方法非常简单,只需要将茶叶放在锅里煮了。不过这类茶叶却不是咱们平时喝的普通茶叶,而是一种药材,叫做茶皂素。茶皂素是一种天然的抗菌物质,可以帮助人体消炎杀菌菌,对部分妇科炎症有很好的缓解作用。女人平时没事喝一点,炎症或不来扰。

英国种植茶叶最早  英国茶叶来源

一:英国种植茶叶最早是哪一年

中国是世界上最早发明和加工红茶的。

红茶汤色

红茶的生产,大体肇始于17世纪—18世纪之间福建崇安(今武夷山)的小种红茶。在茶叶生产期间,茶师们发现当日晒替代杀青时,揉捻后的茶叶颜色发生红变。虽然红茶制法成型的具体年月已难确切考证,但这恰恰也说明了一个新兴制茶工艺的诞生,是前辈茶师们在长期实践中,从无意发现到有意探索,最终才得以定型。1732年(清雍正年间),崇安知县刘靖在《片刻余闲集》中写道:“山之第九曲尽处有星村镇,为行家萃聚。外有本省邵武、江西广信等处所产之茶,黑色红汤,土名江西乌,皆私售于星村各行。“

自星村小种红茶创制以后,演变产生了工夫红茶,并逐渐传播至全国乃至世界各地,

武夷山桐木关茶园

红茶被创制之后,随着红茶市场的发展,其产地范围不断扩大,制法亦不断演化。中国红茶先有小种红茶,后有工夫红茶。红茶制法传到国外后,又产生了红碎茶制法。

当代茶圣吴觉农先生在《茶经述评》中指出,红茶向国内的传播路线为:福建崇安、政和、坦洋、白琳——江西铅山(河口)——修水——浮梁——安徽东至——祁门。咱们不难设想这样的大体场景:小种红茶制法在福建武夷山被发明后,其制法逐渐在武夷山东南方向的茶区传播,并逐渐演变出工夫红茶制法。于是,主产于政和的政和工夫、主产区福安的坦洋工夫和主产于福鼎的白琳工夫先后被创制,深得国外茶叶市场的欢迎。这可被称为东南向传播路径。

基本同一时期,红茶的制法也翻过武夷山,被传播到了江西铅山,铅山的河口自古是茶叶重镇。武夷山一山分跨两省,一侧是福建,另一侧则是江西,武夷山也有福建武夷山和江西武夷山之分,桐木关的关口就是属于江西地带。

武夷山桐木关

也即,在古代,武夷山的茶经桐木关到江西铅山河口再运销各地,实则是一条通途。于是,咱们也就不难理解,红茶制法的北向传播路径:经铅山,传至修水创制宁红;传至浮梁、至德(现东至)和祁门,创制祁红并红极一时,并进而带动了全国其他地区红茶加工的发展。

19世纪中后期,由于茶叶贸易的巨额利润,英、荷等茶叶主要进口国不满中国的垄断地位,引进中国茶籽、茶苗以及种茶和制茶技术,在其南亚殖民地大规模开辟茶叶种植园,生产和出口适销西方的红茶,开始逐步取代中国茶叶在海外的市场。

1867年,斯里兰卡(锡兰)开始产茶。

1924, 东非开始种植茶叶。

1930年,英国人在阿萨姆发明CTC红碎茶揉切机。从此后,红碎茶成为国际茶叶市场的主力军。

二:英国种植茶叶最早的城市

茶叶缔造了大英帝国,不存在茶,就不会有英国的现代文明。

——艾伦·麦克法兰

一片武夷山的茶叶,从它带着清晨的露水被采摘到茶农手中开始,就走上了一条辗转之路,它被卖到附近的集市,换了主人。在这里,被品评,被炒制,被装运,接着翻山越岭、舟车川流,南下到广州,集装成箱,开始长达四个月乃至八年的越洋过海。等到伦敦消费者喝到这片叶子的时候,最早的都已是炎炎夏日,春天的气息只能在唇边荡漾。

英国人把茶叶亲切地称呼为香草,它来自中国,那是一个梦幻的国度,出产丝绸,孔子,有着悠久的历史和文明。

宾汉在《远征中国纪实》的序言里说道:“几个世纪以来,咱们与中国的交往纯粹是商业上的。直到1840年,新的时代开始了,这个强大的东方与西方世界的人民发生了激烈的冲突。此前中国一直把西方当作半开化的野蛮人,用一种香草交换咱们的产品,这类香草如今已经成为咱们生活中的必需品,它的芬芳充满了使人欢快而不使人迷醉的茶杯。”

茶叶是何时进入英国,不存在确切的时间可查。威廉·乌克斯在《茶叶全书》里,梳理了中国茶进入英国的一段历史。大约在1657年左右,英国伦敦的有一家叫加威的咖啡馆,首次向市民出售茶叶,价格高达6-10英镑。在加威的出售海报里,茶叶的功能被描述为“质地温和,四季皆宜,饮品卫生、健康、有延年益寿之功效”。在这份“第一张茶叶海报”上,还有更多关于茶的信息,比如能让人身体轻快,提神醒脑……海报还特别提醒,由于茶的功效众多,意大利、法国、荷兰等地的医生和名人都已经争先饮用了。茶无论是在中国,还是在异邦,医用的作用都是首先被提到的。

英国种植茶叶最早  英国茶叶来源

1660年英国开始征收饮茶税,1689年征收茶叶关税,之后不断提升。从1768-1772年,按原价折算64%,1773年-1777年平均为106%,1778-1779下降到100%,但1783年达到114%,1784年119%。为了抵制茶叶走私,英国政府不得不出台了“抵代法案”,茶税从119%直降到12.5%,由此杜绝了走私,拉动茶叶繁荣的消费景观。

大英帝国的饮茶风尚,被认为与一个嗜茶如命的皇后有关。英王查理二世的妻子凯瑟琳是葡萄牙的公主,她进入英国王室后,把英国那些与男人一样嗜酒的上层贵妇培养成茶叶爱好者。英国诗人E·沃勒赞美道:“花神宠秋色,嫦娥矜月桂;月桂与秋色,难于茶媲美。”

茶叶进入英国100多年后,已然成为上至贵族,下至贫民都迷恋的饮料。戴维斯1795年在《农工状况考察》中说:“在恶劣的天气与艰苦的生活条件下,麦芽酒昂贵,牛奶又喝不起,唯一能为他们软化干面包得以下咽的就是茶……茶不是造成贫穷的起因,而是贫穷的结果”。不管起因怎样,茶已经是英国人生活中的必需品。茶叶也是中英贸易里最关键的物品,并由此成就垄断中国茶销售的东印度公司,英国为茶立法收税,填补国库之虚。

1704年,东印度公司在发往当地商馆的文件里写道:“茶叶是对公司的利害极为关键的一般日用必需品。”东印度公司在中国输出的产品中,从1718年开始,茶叶取代生丝、绢织物占了首位。以1784年为分界线,茶叶不论在绝对额还是就其在输出总额中的比重而言,都成了绝对关键的商品。茶叶贸易不但对英国东印度公司的存在生死攸关,而且对英国财政也至关关键。从1815年起,公司每年在茶叶贸易中获利都在一百万镑以上,占其商业总利润的90%,提供了英国国库全部收入的10%。

斯当东很担心因为部分偶然因素引起中英的贸易中断,他分析说,凭着英国人的勤劳勇敢和政府的贤明,许多疑问都可以克服,但关键之处在于茶叶,这不受利益控制,茶叶只有中国才能提供,而此时英国已经离不开茶叶了!这会让那些被后世嘲笑的晚清官员获得些许安慰,因为他们确实抓住了贸易疑问的关键。

在《英使谒见乾隆纪实》中,斯当东浓重地描述了英国对中国茶叶的依赖,他说从荷兰冒险家从中国带回茶叶后,茶叶在欧洲日益风行。茶在英国,从在咖啡馆销售,到后来成为税收的对象。东印度公司在不到100年的时间里,从最初每年不超过5万磅,到现在每年销售两千万磅。英国领土上的人,不分种族、不分男女老幼等级,每人每年平均需要1磅以上茶叶。要是中断茶叶贸易,那么情况就很糟糕。

“突然停止这类大量的消费品而又无其他代替品,将会在广大人民当中发生很大的困难。英国方面已经设法在印度部分气候和土壤比较适宜的地方试种茶叶。在科西嘉岛上的少量种植生长得很好,但是投资却大于产品价值。将来在一个相当时期之后,英国方而不必依赖外国进口,本人也可以生产价格便宜的茶叶,这类可能性也是不小,但是为了准备本人种植万一失败的情况,那就有必要无论怎样同北京王朝搭上关系,改善英国在华商人处境,使他们可以解除过去那种困难状况。”

经济上的单向依赖,让英国人必须面临一个巨大难题,怎样支付茶叶费用?英国输入的产品在中国并不好卖,茶叶除了在以物易物的置换贸易中获得部分外,大部分需要用白银支付,为此英国付出了巨额的白银。

庄土国估计,从1700—1823年,英国东印度公司共输53,875,032两白银到中国,从1700—1840年间,从欧洲运往中国和美国人运往中国的白银约17000万两。1760年代后,东印度公司扩大了对华贸易,却带来更大的贸易逆差,白银疑问引起了在广州资金周转的困难。为了平衡贸易逆差,东印度公司才决定对华输出鸦片。从1790—1838年,输入中国的鸦片价值239,045,040两。通过鸦片的输入,英国人不仅得到了想要的茶叶等物资,还赚了大把银子回家。

庄土国得出的结论是,“18世纪中西贸易的基本结构,是西方以其殖民地产品,主要为白银、棉花、胡椒等交换中国的茶、丝、瓷器等。当这类贸易结构能保持平衡时,西人仍然获得巨额利润,传统的贸易方法仍可维持。由于白银短缺和中国政府厉行鸦片查禁,传统的中西贸易结构难以为继。西人随即诉诸武力,引起鸦片战争的爆发。”

判断贸易顺差与逆差并不能成为一个富强与否的标准,不然,现在的美国就是穷国。取决一个经济实力的因素,弗兰克在《白银资本》里有强有力的论述,他认为中国明清之所以有那么强的吸银能力,是依靠其有特别的贸易品来完成,确切地说,就是茶、瓷、丝这三大物质领衔的贸易体系。因为茶、瓷、丝在世界经济中的经济份额、参与程度以及关键性,才引起了中国成为世界经济的中心。

“一个因素是中国的生产和出口在世界经济中具有的领先地位。中国在瓷器生产方面是无与伦比的,在丝绸生产方面也几乎不存在对手。……另一个同样被弗林和拉吉尔德兹强调的关键因素是,中国作为世界白银生产的终极‘秘窖’的地位和作用。……正是中国对白银的公共需求、中国经济的巨大规模和生产力以及由此产生的出口顺差,引起了世界对白银的巨大需求,并造成了世界白银价格的上涨”。

弗兰克总结说,“中国的这类更大的、实际上是世界经济中最大的生产力、竞争力及中心地位表现为,它的贸易保持着最大的顺差。这类贸易顺差主要基于它的丝绸和瓷器出口在世界经济总的主导地位,另外它还出口黄金、铜钱以及后来的茶叶。”

美国独立战争后,靠的也是本人的特色产品西洋参打入了世界贸易体系,而英国人最初来中国推销轻纱,目的都一样。

人类学家艾伦·麦克法兰在《绿色黄金》中认为,茶叶创造了英国,并使英国成为世界上最大的帝国。麦克法兰认为英国工业革命的起源,是茶叶有莫大关系。18世纪几个经济最发达最活跃的地区即中国、英国和日本,同时也是茶文化最得到弘扬发展的地区。

他立论的主要依据是茶水消灭了细菌,这让中国的唐宋时期的人免于疾病困扰,还增加了营养,这让广大的人口得以持续创造财富。人口大爆炸与成活率被归纳为在沸水与茶结合的饮食层面,同样例子也可以解释日本14到17世纪的发展过程。日本可以免于1817年,1831年和1850年的霍乱,也与他们全民饮茶有关。而英国全民饮茶时代,正是18和19世纪,刚好也是英国开始了工业革命,工业革命引起城市人口保障,聚集居住,更容易引发各种传播的疾病,但英国从18世纪中叶开始,许多疾病开始减少或消失,这都归结为英国人的饮茶习惯。

英国经济学家麦迪森也支持这类说法,他在分析欧洲人口疑问的时候说,正是因为酒和茶替代了受到污染的水,才使得欧洲人口死亡率下降。

英国种植茶叶最早  英国茶叶来源

假如赞同艾伦·麦克法兰的说法,那么乾隆时期刚好是中国人口增长很快的时期,从雍正十二年到乾隆二十九年,人口增长了7.7倍,达到2亿人,而到道光十八年,已然是4亿人口的规模。茶叶让人口增长,而鸦片能让人口减少,这也是道光年间大清许多官员的论调。

在中国、日本、英国的母亲,因为他们饮茶,所以小孩喝到的都是安全的母奶。喝热水的习惯,同样被布罗代尔所看重,加了茶叶的热水更是文明进步的标志。也因为喝茶的风尚,引起哪怕是喝白开水的人,也被视为其有饮茶的表现,这是文明史上了不起的事情。

也因为这样,茶为每一个需要发展的提供了大量劳动力,茶也为他们的简单生活提供能量源。饮茶被避免了大量谷物被拿去酿酒的风险,在17世纪末,啤酒消耗了英国一般的谷物,他们不得不寻求去进口来满足消费者。18世纪末期,工人的收入有10%是用来买茶和糖,只有2.5%的用来买酒。

英国著名经济史学家威廉逊就说:“假如不存在茶叶,工厂工人的粗劣饮食就不可能使他们顶着活干下去。”麦克法兰认为,中国茶叶的适时到来,正好适应了英国工业化生产的需求,并大大促进了英国工业的发展。

麦克法兰第二个依据是,茶叶改变了英国的社会阶层,尤其是下午茶会和茶馆的出现,为英国文明几乎起到了重塑的作用。英国的饮茶风气最先在上层贵妇中传开,然后被中层妇女所接受。

英国种植茶叶最早  英国茶叶来源

在英国早期的酒馆和咖啡馆里,只能看到男人的身影,英国妇女还发起抵制咖啡的运动,她们认为咖啡带坏了英国男人,让他们彻夜不归。但茶叶不一样,性情温和,适合妇女和小孩。手握茶壶的女人就好比拿着刀剑的武士,参与的人只能屈服于她,这提升了妇女的地位。

第三个论据,茶叶帮助了英帝国的扩张。

茶叶造成的作用,英国有两种说法,一种是“为了一壶小小的茶叶,中国文化几近毁灭”;另一种是,“茶叶在英国的作用如同蒸汽机一样关键,它帮助英国人度过危机并创造了一个新世界”。对上述两种说法,麦克法兰持赞成的态度,他认为茶叶对英国的战略扩张尤其是军事上的意义也非同小可。

在1720年代英国人广泛饮茶之前,英国仅有北美、西印度殖民地及部分对印度和远东的贸易,而在此后的一个多世纪里,英国的殖民地不仅囊括了澳大利亚、加拿大而且还拥有了非洲的很多地方及南美洲、印度等地,真正成为日不落帝国。

对茶叶的需求作用海上贸易,也作用皇家海军、商业资本、银行和信托系统,它造成了英国商业的快速发展,尤其是亚洲区域密集的贸易网络,让英国势力强大无比,为他们在东南亚和喜马拉雅山区争霸创造了很好的条件。

周宁在《鸦片帝国》中,也总结了茶在四个方面对英国产生的作用:

第一、在民族体质与营养方面,茶有效平衡了英国人的饮食结构,为英国人多酸性主食面包找到了一种合理的、多碱性的佐餐饮料。

第二、在伦理与社会意义层面上,茶的温和引起了人的温和。英国之前深受酗酒之害,在更大程度上,茶冶炼了性情,维护了道德。一个家庭的下午茶有助于他们完成必要的亲情仪式,带来和谐。诗人库柏用诗描绘了喝茶为英国人的家庭生活创造的温馨和谐的境界:

拨旺炉火,紧闭门窗,

放下窗帘,围起沙发,

茶壶的水已煮沸,咝咝作响,

沏一壶热茶,又浓又香,

轻松而不沉醉,心神荡漾,

咱们迎来一个安详的晚上。

从家庭到社会交往,茶扮演了关键角色。茶会与咖啡馆一样,扩大了公共领域空间,促成了一个市民社会的诞生——这点正是资本主义形成的关键要素。

第三、形成特别的审美和文化仪式。英国人生活中的下午茶点与茶会,是生活高度精雅化的表现。从饮茶采用的瓷器,客厅的餐桌到茶园的装饰,布置都非常讲究,喝茶的文化意义大于生理意义。

是茶在英国现代文明史上的经济政治意义。东印度公司通过垄断中国的茶叶生意,成为当时世界上最大的公司。富可敌国的东印度公司成为英国的代名词,为英国以后推行殖民政策,完成了必要的财富积累。

就在英国为代表的欧洲喝茶成风时,德国思想家赫尔德危言耸听,说中国从欧洲商人那里得到白银,给他们的却是成千上万磅使人疲软无力的茶叶,从而使欧洲衰败。事实证明,他错了。而中国政府控制茶叶的想法却是明智的,但是他们不存在想到这样会带来战争,中国从此走向衰落。

考虑到中国对茶叶的绝对控制权,英国不得不寻求他地种植茶叶,英国本土的茶叶一直并不成功,英国派遣的植物猎人把茶种带回英国后悲观地发现,英国的土壤就无法种植茶叶。后来茶树在印度阿萨姆种植成功,英国人用了与清廷同样的手段,他们企图通过茶叶来控制西藏,另一轮的茶叶贸易与政治战争,从沿海转至内陆,在喜马拉雅山麓展开。

文图

附:周重林,著名茶文化学者,作家。云南茶官方代言人,云南茶文化研究领军者。代表作有《茶叶战争》《普洱熟茶教科书》 。参与撰写文章《茶产业托起云南民族地区脱贫致富梦》 入选2020年高考语文试题 。2020年10月30日,亮相安徽卫视“传承实施时”栏目说茶 [9] ,被誉为卓越的茶文化研究者与传播者。

主要作品还有《民国茶范:与大师喝茶的日子》 《茶叶战争:茶叶与天朝的兴衰》 《绿书:周重林的茶世界》 。最新著作《造物记:云南古茶园的秘密》 《茶与酒,两生花:中国文化的浓烈与清浅》 《茶道方法论》 。

三:英国种茶史

1.茶的起源,英语作文80词左右,谢谢在线坐等 中国是茶的故乡,也是茶文化的发祥地。茶的发现和利用,在中国已有四五千年历史,且长盛不衰,传遍全球。茶已成为全世界最大众化、最受欢迎、最有益于身心健康的绿色饮料。茶融天地人于一体,提倡“天下茶人一家”。 China is the home of tea, is the birthplace of tea culture. The discovery and utilization of tea in China, has a history of four thousand or five thousand years, and long fill do not decline, spread throughout the world. Tea is one of the world's most popular, the most popular, beneficial to the physical and mental healthy green drinks. Tea into the world in one, advocate" tea, a world". 2.茶文化的英语简介+翻译(80词以内) 似乎有点长 tea has a history of over 5,000 years, during which a series of unique tea culture have e into being, covering from tea plant cultivation and conservation, tea-leaf picking to processing and sampling tea. Tea-leaves are mainly produced in the southern area to the Yangtze River for mild climate and fertile ground there, such as the provinces of Zhejiang, Yunnan, Guizhou and Fujian. There produce an abundance of renowned tea varieties, e.g. Longjin, Wulong, Pu'er, Tieguangyin. Tea culture is one of the mon traits shared by all the 56 ethnic groups in China. Many people believe that a day is not perfect without a cup of tea. Either in the warm southern mountain area or on the frozen northern grassland, stuff like Gongfu tea, buttered tea and milk tea are all among the favorite drinks. Furthermore, both ancient and modern people tend to indulge in elaborating on poems, essays, dances and dramas on the tea. 茶在中国已经有5000年的历史。在漫长的历史中,围绕茶的栽培、养护、采摘、加工、品饮形成了一整套独具特色的茶文化及相关艺术。长江以南是中国茶叶的主产区。浙江、云南、贵州、福建等地气候温和,土地肥沃,十分适合茶叶的生长,造就了龙井、乌龙、普洱、铁观音这些驰名中外的名品。 茶文化是中华多民族文化中的一个共同特征。五十六个民族都有饮茶的习俗。许多中国人在生活中不可一日无茶。不论是在温和潮湿的南方山区,还是冰天雪地的北方草原,工夫茶、酥油茶、奶茶都是人们特别喜爱的饮品。以茶为题的诗歌、散文、舞蹈、戏剧更为人们特别津津乐道。 3.关于茶的英文介绍 Have you ever wondered how the tea in your everyday cuppa gets from the plantation to your cup? Can you tell a Darjeeling from a Ceylon, an oolong from a white? Do you know why they are different? Now you have a chance to find out everything you ever wanted to know about tea! Due to popular demand, The United Kingdom Tea Council is partnering with 2 of the country's leading experts and offering a series of one day seminars for anyone who wants to discover more about our favourite beverage. 4.有关英国历史的英文介绍 BC in the Mediterranean Iberian people, BAK people, Celtic, has e to Britain. 1-5 century, south-east England, the Roman Empire. , After the withdrawal of the Romans, the Anglo people in northern Europe, Saxons, Jutes invaded and settled in succession. The 7th century the feudal system began to take shape, many all countries, and into seven kingdoms strive for hegemony over 200 years, called "Anglo - Saxon era." 829 King of Wessex love Gebert unified England. 8 end of the century the Danes were struck from 1016 to 1042 as part of the Danish Viking empire. King was later short-term rule, in 1066, Duke of Normandy crossed the sea to conquer England. In 1215 King John was forced to sign Magna Carta, kingship was inhibited. From 1338 to 1453 English law, "the Hundred Years War," the British after the defeat and win a victory. In 1588, defeated the Spanish "Armada", to establish maritime supremacy. Bourgeois revolution broke out in 1640. May 19, 1649 declared a republic. 1660 Dynasty restoration took place in 1668 "Glorious Revolution" established a constitutional monarchy. 1707 England and Scotland merged in 1801 they merged with the Irish. The latter half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, being the world's first industrial revolution, a plete country. 19th century was the heyday of the British Empire in 1914 the colonial possession of 111 times more than the local big was the first colonial power, claiming to be "follow the sun empire." After World War I began to decay. British in Northern Ireland was established in 1920, the county, and in 1921 to 1922 in southern Ireland, from its rule to allow the establishment of an independent country. Westminster Act, enacted in 1931, was forced to recognize its dominion in the internal affairs and foreign policy of independence, the British Empire, shaken from the colonial system. World War II, greatly weakened the economic strength and political status declined. With the 1947 India and Pakistan have independence, to 60 years, the British Empire, the collapse of the colonial system. In January 1973 to join the EC.。 5.英国的历史文化英文版介绍 Due to historical and ethnic reasons, by England, Northern Ireland, Welsh, Scotland countries constitute the United Kingdom, the capital was still in England London, subject or England, so it is the British ( originally British refers to England England ). The British Isles is referring to England, Scotland and Welsh, since the Northern Ireland is located in the island of Ireland, Gibraltar and many other islands area is too all, so it is not included. The UK ( The United Kingdom ) social stability, stable life, low crime rate and very few acts of violence occurred. Britain's mild climate, no severe cold and heat, the four seasons such as spring. Britain is a multicultural and open minded society. British art, music, culture and food has been subject to different countries from around the world people and the impact of the national customs, and many countries have a long and close ties. Until now, it is still the United States, Canada, and Australia and New Zealand and other English countries maintained a strong relationship. The UK is a member of the European Union,25years, in the maintenance and development of relations between the EU and China, it is always persist firmly in and ardent supporter. Britain is the EU countries the biggest investor in china. England is the first industrialized country in the world, there are many scientific discoveries and inventions, such as the steam engine, penicillin, deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ), dolly and jet engines and so on. The British economy in the world for the fifth, and is Europe's largest financial center. London financial market attracts around the world many panies to the UK business opportunity. Two years, the British schools and universities as the country attract worldwide attention technical, industrial and financial revolution and development. However, its world class education is much older, dating back to twelfth Century, University of Oxford (1185) and the University of Cambridge (1209) set times.。 6.关于茶文化的英语作文 Tea ceremony belongs to oriental culture. Tea ceremony is “To regard tea as precious and gracious drink while drinking tea is a spiritual enjoyment, an art or a means of cultivating the moral character and nourishing the nature.” Tea ceremony is a kind of ceremony to teach people about the law and discipline of rite as well as moral cultivation by means of drinking tea. Mr. Zhuang Wanfang also summarized the basic spirit of tea ceremony as, “honour, beauty, harmony and respect” and explained, “cultivating morality, being honest and money saving, in order to conduct oneself in society harmoniously and honestly, and to respect and love people.” /question/index?qid=20091129185901AAlh9uH 7.介绍茶发明史的英语作文 TV is very important in our life.We can get to know all kinds of events around the world.We can know the weather,information,laws,knowledge and so on.After busy work,we can watch some funny programs to relax TV benifits us,but sometimes it has bad influence.Some students watch TV day and night.It influences their lessons.Some programs are not good for children. So we should choose proper programs at proper time for people in different ages. 电视在咱们生活中非常关键,咱们可以熟悉世界各地的事件.咱们能熟悉天气、信息、法律、文化知识等等.忙碌的工作后咱们可以看部分娱乐节目放松本人. 电视为咱们带来了好处,但它也有坏作用.部分学生日夜看电视,这作用了他们的功课.部分节目不适合孩子们看. 所以咱们应依照不同的年龄,在合适的时间选取合适的节目看. Now TV has bee necessary in our life.We can get all kinds of information through TV.The world is in front of us.The distance between countries is shortened with the help of TV.Every day we can watch some interesting programs to make us happy. Although TV has some benifits,sometimes it has bad influence.Some students have no time to study because they watch TV in all the free time.And some programs are not proper for children. So we should choose some good programs to watch,especially for children. 现在电视已经是咱们生活中的必需品.咱们可以通过电视获取各种信息.世界呈现在咱们面前,国与国之间的距离因为电视变近了.每天咱们看部分有趣的节目,这使咱们很愉快. 虽然电视有部分好处,有时它也有坏作用.部分学生不存在时间学习,因为他们把所有空闲时间都用于看电视.还有部分节目不适合孩子们. 所以咱们应选取部分好节目来看,特别是对孩子们.。 8.有不存在茶的历史的文章 以下是“中国”茶叶的历史:====================== History of Tea====================== tea consists of tea leaves which have been processed using methods inherited from China.According to popular legend, tea was discovered by Emperor Shennong (Shen Nung, Shen Nong, The Yan Emperor, The Emperor of the five grains) in 2737 BC when a leaf from a Camilla sinensis tree fell into water the emperor was boiling. Not everyone agrees on the origin, but no one disputes that tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China. The beverage is considered one of the seven necessities of life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar.Some writers classify tea into four categories, green, white, black and oolong. Others add categories for red, scented and pressed teas. All of these e from varieties of the Camilla sinensis plant. flower tea (花茶), while popular, is not a true tea. Most tea is consumed in China and is not exported. Green tea is the most popular type of tea used in China.Within these main categories of tea are vast varieties of individual beverages. Some researchers have counted more than 700. Others put the number at more than 1,000. Some of the variations are due to different strains of the Camilla plant. The popular Tie Guan Yin 铁观音, for example, is traced back to a single plant discovered in Anxi 安溪 in the Fujian province. Other teas draw some of their characteristics from local growing conditions. The largest factor in the wide variations es from differences in processing after the tea is harvested. White and green teas are cooked soon after picking to prevent oxidization, often called fermentation, caused by natural enzymes in the leaves. Oolong teas are partially oxidized. Black and red teas are fully oxidized. Other differences e from variations in the processing steps. Tea History Tea (Camellia sinensis) is native to China. The ancient used them for medical purposes, then developed the infusion we know as tea; to this day tea is said to purge the digestive system of 'toxins'. Later the learned to grow tea plants and use their leaves to make various types of tea.Many different types of tea were grown during each of the dynasties in China.The Tang Dynasty A list of the differing grades of tea grown in the Tang Dynasty:Premier Grade Tea: Xiazhou, Guangzhou, Huzhou, Yuezhou, Pengzhou. Second Grade Tea: Jingzhou, Ranzhou, Changzhou, Mingzhou. Third Grade Tea: Shouzhou, Hangzhou, Muzhou, Hengzhou, Taizhou, Xuanzhou, Yiazhou, Luzhou. Fourth Grade Tea: Jinzhou, Lianzhou, Huangzhou, Sozhou, Yunzhou, Hanzhou, Meizhou. Tea dates back to the West Zhou Period in ancient China, when the used tea as offerings. Since then, tea leaves have been eaten as vegetables, used as medicine, and, since the Han dynasty, infused in boiling water, the new drink making tea into a major modity. There are many different kinds of tea. The three basic categories are non-oxidised green tea, semi-oxidised oolong tea, and fully oxidised black tea. All true teas are usually made from the same type of plant, “Camellia Sinensis”, although some teas are flavored with other plants and flowers.Tea is made through a very long and delicate procedure where young tea leaves are picked, steamed or pan fried, then dried and sifted, and finally distributed to wherever they need to go. The flavor of tea varies depending on how it is prepared.Many people drink tea because of its health advantages. Tea promotes in occasions digestion[citation needed], is rich in vitamins, and brings a feeling of relaxation when you drink it.The Song Dynasty Tea was an important crop during the Song Dynasty. Tea farms covered 242 counties. This included expensive tribute tea; tea from Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, where some was exported to Southeast Asian and the Arab countries.In the Song Dynasty, tea started to be pressed into tea cake, some embossed with patterns of the dragon and the Phoenix and was called exotic names including:Large Dragon tea cake, Small Dragon tea cake, Surpass Snow Dragon ball cake, Fine Silver Sprout, Cloud Leaf, Gold Money, Jade Flower, Inch of Gold, Longevity Sprout, Eternal Spring Jade Leave, Dragon in the Clouds, Longevity Dragon Sprout, Dragon Phoenix and Flower, Eternal Spring Silver Sprout.The Ming Dynasty Ming dynasty scholar 文震亨 Wen Zhenheng's book 长物志 Zhang Wu Zhi (On Superfluous Things) chapter 12 contains description of several famous Ming dynasty teas:。 9.写篇关于茶的英语作文 The practice of drinking tea has had a long history in China, having originated from there. The drink tea during many parts of the day such as at meals for good health or simply for pleasure. Although tea originates from China, tea generally represent tea leaves which have been processed using methods inherited from ancient China. Tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China. The beverage is considered one of the seven necessities of life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar。 10.英国茶的介绍 英国茶一般加牛奶,有时也加糖,但更多的是加上橙片、茉莉等制成所谓的伯爵红茶 Earl Grey(Duke's black tea)、茉莉红茶(black tea of ja ine)、果酱红茶(black tea of jam)、蜜蜂红茶(black tea of honey)等。人们一天中的任何时间均可以饮茶,早上醒来时至下床前或早饭时有早茶;上午11点左右有15分钟的“茶休”喝“上午茶”;下午茶在下午4~5时的茶休中实施,大约也是15分钟。茶点一般是现成的食品,有面包、黄油、果酱、糕点和饼干。各种糕点比面包更受欢迎,如烤饼、松饼、茶食点心和烤面包片等等。在城镇的旅馆、茶馆或小吃馆、饭店、快餐馆均有茶水供应。

标签: #0322370

相关文章

  • 中国茶叶产业园

    中国茶叶产业园

    中国茶叶产业园。这里是中国最大的茶叶生产基地,也是世界上最大的茶叶出口基地。在这里,你可以看到一片片绿油油的茶园,还有一群群勤劳的采茶工工。茶园里的茶树长势喜人...

    2023-06-02

  • 广西石花茶种类

    广西石花茶种类

    广西石花茶种类繁多,品质优良,产量大,是广西关键的经济作物之一。近年来随着人们生活水平的提升,石花茶已成为一种时尚饮品,深受消费者喜爱。由于市场监管力度...

    2023-06-02

  • 浓香型铁观音好吗?浓香型铁观音有哪些品牌

    浓香型铁观音好吗?浓香型铁观音有哪些品牌

    浓香型铁观音好吗?答:不好。浓香型铁观音的制作工艺复杂,需要经过萎凋、揉捻、发酵、烘焙等多道工序,这些工序都是为了提升茶叶的品质,所以在制作期间会产生大...

    2023-06-02

  • 茶园开花用什么药

    茶园开花用什么药

    茶园开花用什么药,才能提升茶叶品质?这是很多茶农朋友关心的疑问。今天,咱们就来聊聊这个话题。期望对大家有所帮助。下面,咱们一起来看看吧。首先先,咱们需要熟悉什么...

    2023-06-02

  • 龙井沏茶温度_龙井泡茶温度

    龙井沏茶温度_龙井泡茶温度

    龙井沏茶温度适宜,香气四溢,滋味鲜爽,回甘持久,是中国十大名茶之一。西湖龙井茶的特点是色泽翠绿,香气清高,滋味鲜爽,汤色嫩绿明亮,叶底底柔嫩成朵。西湖龙井茶是杭...

    2023-06-02

  • 什么是7532普洱茶

    什么是7532普洱茶

    什么是7532普洱茶?7532普洱茶是云南大叶种茶树的芽叶制成的普洱茶,属于紧压茶。1975年,云南省农科院茶叶研究所在云南大叶种茶树中发现了一株特殊的茶树这株...

    2023-06-02

发表评论